What Is Redox Signaling Process And What's Its Importance To The Human Body
Redox Signaling refers to the procedure in which reactive oxygen species, free radicals and other electronically activated radicals serve as messengers in the biological system. It's basically the process that displays how cells in our body respond to free radicals and oxidants. Redox signaling is a consistent and essential process, through which human cells communicate with each other and carry out essential body functions.
What are Redox Signaling Molecules?
There are 2 types of Signaling molecules - "activator" and "communicator". These 2 play the role of messengers and are accountable for the connection between cells throughout our body. Also known as Signaling molecules, they activate the body's antioxidant compounds - Glutathione, Catalase and SOD.
In simpler terms, Redox signaling molecules are elements that are produced organically within each cell of the body. When the cells are necessary to perform many functions, they generate 2 types of signaling molecules.
The initial set of "activator" molecules trigger the antioxidants stored in the body. Antioxidants are extremely effective in fighting off the impairment caused by free radicals and oxidative stress; on the other hand they can't function except if activated by the signaling molecules. Therefore you require the Redox signaling 'activator' molecules to make the antioxidants to work.
The 2nd set of "communicator" molecules is accountable for enabling proper communication between the cells of the body, ensuring optimum performance of the immune system and safeguarding the body against outside stimuli such as harmful viruses, bacteria etc. The millions of cells in our body are in a position to properly function and communicate because of the Redox signaling molecules.
Why is Redox signaling so essential?
Both the external and internal factors such as toxic chemicals, stress bacterial infections, poor nutrition etc affect our health in an adverse way. This causes substantial cellular damage and a reduction in Redox signaling molecules. With out an enough supply of Redox signaling molecules the immune system and antioxidants are unable to function effectively, contributing to a vast range of health ailments.
Scientists and researchers worldwide have been conducting several researches on the Redox signaling molecules to know more about their structure, impact and function with respect to human health. Let us take a look at many of the popular researches on this subject:
Blue-eyed, White Cats are Deaf
Charles Darwin, the father of evolution had pointed out "white cats with blue eyes are almost deaf". He suggested that developmental issues with the nervous system may be the cause of deafness in the white, blue-eyed cats. But scientists believe it has something to do with the Redox signaling process, as Central nervous system development is a messenger-mediated procedure and so is the melanin synthesis.
Hence an imbalance in the Redox signaling procedure leads to poor melanin synthesis (giving the cat its white color) and results in defective intra-cellular communication (causing hearing impairment).
Research by Hoffer and Osmond
The very first instance of Redox processes being engaged in cell signaling was given by Hoffer and Osmond. As per the Adrenochrome hypothesis, "psychoactive oxidative products of catecholamines (adrenochromes) play a part in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases". Although the proposed hypothesis still continues to be in question, the simple fact that messenger-mediated oxidative stress can lead to neuropsychiatric conditions, has been proven correct.
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